Term
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Description
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Access right
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A right to carry out specified fishing activities.
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Bycatch
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Bycatch includes all material, flora and fauna, living or not, which is not the intended species of the catch. It doesn’t usually include species which is caught but doesn’t actually reach the deck of the boat …but has nevertheless been affected or killed by the fishing gear.
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By-product
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Non-target species which has been caught and/or sold by the fisher
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Danish seine
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A trawling method in waters usually up to about 200 m. A Danish seine, also occasionally called an anchor seine, consists of a conical net which encircles an area, herds and scoops everything into the net.
Danish seiners are most effective on demersal fish which are close to the bottom of the sea.
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Demersal fish
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Fish which are found on or near the seabed.
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Demersal trawl
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Trawler which is designed to trawl the sea bed. It is fishing for demersal species on or near the bottom.
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Discards
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Any fish caught which is thrown overboard alive or dead.
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FIFO Ratio
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Fish in :Fish out ratio. Aquaculture industries use this ratio to express their efficiency. E.g. A ratio 5 means it takes 5 kg of wild fish protein to produce 1 kg of aquaculture fish. Hardly efficient.
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Fishing capacity
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The total fishing capability of a boat or group of boats if fishing effort was maximised to full its full potential
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Handline
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A line which has one or more baits attached. It is not a mass-catch technique.
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Longline fishing
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A Longline can be used on the surface-set (pelagic) or bottom-set (demersal). The main line can have multiple branch lines attached to it which are each fitted with one or many baits attached. These longlines can extend several kilometres. Several billion hooks are set each year in this fashion.
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Mid-water trawling
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Trawling where the net does not touch the seabed. The fish targeted are pelagic and semi-pelagic fish which are in schools.
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Net Consumer
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An example of a Net Consumer is farmed salmon, where, according to Aquaculture figures, the FIFO ratio (see above) is 4.9. That means it takes 4.9 kg of wild fresh fish to produce 1 kg of farmed salmon. The salmon industry is therefore a NET CONSUMER of fish. It consumes more than it produces. This is currently the case for all types of farmed fish.
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Net Producer
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A farming/manufacturing process which produces more than it consumes from wild stocks.
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Non-target Species
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Any fish which have been caught but were not the intended species. This includes by catch and by-product.
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Pelagic fish
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Fish that are normally caught on the sea surface or mid water.
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Poling (pole-and-line fishing)
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A fishing method using a short pole with a barbless lure or a baited barbless hook attached to a short trace to hook and swing pole the targeted fish back onto the boat.
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Purse-seining
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An area of water is surrounded by a net which is set at the surface which is then enclosed at the base
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Rendered
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This is the process which takes wild fish protein and converts it into fish pellets and an oil by-product. The fish pellets then become animal feed.
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Sustainable yield
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The amount of catch which could reasonably be removed from fish stocks without creating a future reduction in the biomass of that fish stock. It does not necessarily permit RECOVERY of fish stock numbers.
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Target Species
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The intended species of the catch
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Total Allowable Catch (TAC)
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A TAC is the permitted mass of a species of fish which is allowed to be caught from a fishery within a defined period.
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